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One thing that DNA testing for genealogy shows is,  if you are a male, you have the same biological component as your father, your grandfather, your great-grandfather, your great, great grandfather and your g-g-g-g-g-grandfather.

That component is called the Y-chromosome, part of the genetic ribbon of information that makes every male, male.   When you test your Y-DNA, you can determine whether you are or are not related to another male with the same surname.  You might even want to join the growing list of surname projects going on across the country.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, exists in almost all cells and is the building block for a human being.  DNA determines genetics and whether your eyes are blue and your hair is straight.  It also predicts the risk for health disorders or diseases, so there is much to be learned through DNA testing that goes beyond ancestry.

The way genealogists approach DNA testing is they look for mutations.  In other words, a mutation is a change in the DNA sequencing.  Cells in our body increase by dividing in a process called mitosis.  An enzyme called polymerase uses the original DNA helix as a template and then builds a whole new cell using the same DNA code.

Occasionally a mutation in this process occurs and gets passed on.  It is rare; approximately 0.2% per generation, but it does signal a break in the identical ancestral code that gets passed from father to son.

There are DNA genealogy tests for women, even if they do not have a Y chromosome.  For women, scientists rely on the mitochondrial DNA which gets passed from the mother to all her offspring.

It’s fascinating that with the help of a single cheek swab DNA testing for genealogy can track the history of your surname, or even your ancient ancestors as they migrated from East Africa 80 thousand years ago.

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Genealogy DNA in the News, Conferences, Lectures, Discussions, Past, Present and Future

We will tell you here about some of the news items and reports on the web that discuss Genealogy DNA.

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Genealogy DNA in the News:

Essay: Learning the Science of Research, Learning the Art of …

Finally, it helps me to shift from focusing on my teaching (lectures) to concentrating on my students’ understanding and learning. A important aspect to designing performance assessments is providing students with several opportunities …. For too long we have taught students that cells work one way and DNA does one thing, only to be shown later on through experimentation that in fact, cell processes often do not work the way we think (the most striking example in recent …

The great run-up to the Singularity: Accelerating Change

Genealogy site uses DNA and social networks to trace ancestors. Artificial chromosome for corn developed. What I Meant to Say Was Semantic Web WiMax Gets Nod As Wireless Standard High-speed wireless video transfers 100X faster than WiFi on tap ….. I think when its printed it should go into Chris Anderston’s TED Conference gift bag. I can dream; that’s what creative people do. I went to your website;I may add something like your Wish List to my site. …

Family History Expos Genealogy Podcast @ podcast.com

… another book planned for 2010. Associated with the Larimer County Genealogical Society based in Fort Collins, Colorado, Bob teaches monthly classes on Family Tree Maker and gives Introduction to Genealogy lectures. … DNA and Your GenealogyJuly 18, 2009 9:30 a.m. Diamond Room(Beginner-Experienced) DNA has been used for several decades in fighting crime and researching diseases and heredity, but now can be used to verify relationships. Bob discusses the basics of DNA …

SCGS Jamboree Lectures Available on CD-ROM at Jamb-Inc.com

I’ve seen them at a number of the conferences lately, the last time at the Federation of Genealogical Societies Conference in Little Rock, Arkansas, September 2-5, 2009. While they were recording at the Southern California Genealogical Society …. It’s also time to start thinking about attending the SCGS Jamboree to take place June 11-13, 2010. Info on the 2010 program isn’t posted yet, but in the mean time, follow the SCGS Jamboree Blog. I hope to see you there! …

Eastman’s Online Genealogy Newsletter: 2010 Southern California …

May 15, 2009 … The 2010 edition of this conference is expected to draw nearly 1200 participants, speakers, and exhibitors. Jamboree has a well-earned reputation as one of the largest and most popular genealogical events in the United States. … family history, computers and technology, society management, genetics and DNA research, source records, immigration and naturalization records, digital and brick-and-mortar record repositories, and professional topics. …

AnceStories: The Stories of My Ancestors: WSGS State Conference …

She also talked about the various companies that provide DNA testing, the best-known, the lesser known, and some of the “new kids on the block.” After lunch were two more sessions. I attended Bruce Buzbee’s “RootsMagic Genealogy … Rather than being presented in lecture-style, it was held in a group-setting, with contributions expected from each participant! We had to introduce ourselves, tell what society we belonged to, and describe our roles within that society. …

Evolution in November—Superhuman, genes and The Origin’s birthday

Superhuman – the exhibition and conference both open in Melbourne. Super Human: Revolution of the Species turns the spotlight on collaborations between artists and scientists and the impact these investigations have on what it means to be human …. It then takes you further into the genetic mechanisms of DNA, and how we can use DNA to examine questions about evolution. Until 23 May 2010. Darwin himself was wary of the impact he knew his theory of evolution would have. …

Coming on a jet plane…or a slow train?

Coming on a jet plane…or a slow train? By Schelly Talalay Dardashti | Published: September 23, 2009 … Posted September 26, 2009 at 5:51 PM | Permalink. Welcome fellow Genealogists! A special invitation and welcome to Litvaks. Our SIG programs, luncheon, meeting and social events the Philadelphia Conference were outstanding and well attended. Our planning for the 2010 Los Angeles Conference is underway, and we expect to offer even more …

Tracing the Tribe: The Jewish Genealogy Blog: JGSLA 2010: Call for …

The Call for Papers is open for the 30th IAJGS International Conference on Jewish Genealogy (July 11-16, in Los Angeles). The topics of interest are listed below. See the next JGSLA 2010 post for details and tips on submitting session proposals. … Read all about the event, sign up for the newsletter, the blog and much more at the conference site. There will be 5 1/2 days of information-packed programs and lectures by experts for all attendees from beginners to advanced . …

Review of Family Tree Maker 2010 Deluxe | Hot Topics Store

Dynamic user interface that lets you quickly switch between important features; The ability to import data from other genealogy programs, including Personal Ancestral File; Powerful sourcing tools that let you document AND rate each of your citations … Save 20% on a subscription to Ancestry Magazine and 20% on DNA testing. The Standard Ancestry.com Reference Library–Access to 10 invaluable family history reference books, compiled and indexed on one DVD. …

Myriad Genetics, Inc F4Q09 (Qtr End 06/30/09) Earnings Call …

United Healthcare has agreed that physicians do not need to complete any special forms or extra genealogy charts, but that the current Myriad test request form is adequate for their purposes. …. It’s a very exciting one, but it’s a challenging one because there really is no Pan-European reference laboratory like iQuest or LabCorp here in the U.S. In fact, some European countries, for example, France, don’t allow the shipment of DNA across their company borders. …

John Butler Trio – Latest News & Blogs » JB on ‘Who Do You Think …

Click here to download the latest version of Adobe Flash Player Plugin. wdtya-3 Six more prominent Australians trace their family trees in a second series of the hit TV genealogy program Who do you think you are? on SBS One. … Should be great viewing. Johns Bulgarian ancestry will be very interesting. From his American beginning to Australian upbringing and origins from east europe, he is a voyager at heart and now we know it must be the DNA . Agent of Change says: …

Heritage Happens: I’m a Nominee For Family Tree’s Top 40!

The May 2010 Family Tree Magazine will name the top 40 genealogy blogs. The results come from votes by the public. There are ten categories which the chosen blogs are placed under. Going through the list, there are SO many fantastic blogs, ….. Tracing the Tribe: The Jewish Genealogy Blog. Has anyone studied whether turkey tryptophans cause an increasing interest in DNA projects at FamilyTreeDNA.com? Or is it just that these holiday family ga… TransylvanianDutch …

AnceStories: The Stories of My Ancestors: October 2009 Calendar of …

DNA Unknown – [image: DNA onbekend]DNA testing can be a wonderful way to explore your family’s history: it can give you details about your ethnic and geographic origin o… 2 days ago. 100 Years in America · The view from my corner of the world – As a final tribute to … Call For Future Hosts – 2010 – As was mentioned in the 24th edition of the Carnival of Central and Eastern European Genealogy, I will be hosting the December edition; however, I do not h… 3 days ago …

Heritage Happens: Heritage Happens Received the Kreativ Blogger Award!

The early bird deadline is fast approaching for our 2010 trip to Salt Lake City’s Family History Library this May/June. Register now while the price is low… Roots Television | Megan’s Roots World. Like this naturalization index from Cook County, IL! …. A mock funeral for the city was also the impetus for a DNA project on the origins of… TransylvanianDutch. The 84th Carnival of Genealogy has been posted, with 23 participants describing what the CoG means to them. …

Myheritage – surchur

Genealogy Insider – Free MyHeritage CD With January 2010 Issue If you’ve already gotten your January 2010 Family Tree Magazine, | On my way to graduation myheritage research course lasting for 10 weeks now (we gained relatives down to 1860) . | … http://www.myheritage.com/blogs/companyblog/2009/11/news/dna-unknown.. 0 votes. Vote up Vote down. 23 views. Comments for “DNA Unknown http://bit.ly/86y4Uw..”: show all. Click here to Add Your Comment for this URL …

The Akashic Records, One Sure Constant Thing…

The world’s collective library of recorded information is expected to double every 11 hours by the year 2010. So what? We may ask; It took a millennium and a half (from the year 1 A.D. to the year 1500 A.D.) for humankind’s knowledge … Our DNA plays a big role in this, also ancestral genealogy influences this blue print; we can label it many different things, past lives, Karma, or encoded DNA. The bottom line is, there are patterns sitting in our sub conscious that get …

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Another name for genealogy DNA is molecular DNA because that is where the science of family begins.  Until the late 1980s the only tool available for people seeking information about their ancestors was historical records and the remembrances of grandma and grandpa.  You might be able to recall the names of your grandparents, but do you know the names of your great-grandparents?  Precisely.  Few people do.  Advances in DNA typing are filling in the blanks.

Almost all cells in the human body contain DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid.   DNA is a string of proteins that tell our bodies how to grow; whether to have blue eyes or brown, whether to have a predisposition to heart disease or cancer. It is the complete genetic blueprint of people.  It makes each of us unique but also similar to our parents and ancestors.

There are two types of cells used to map out genealogy, Y-Chromosome DNA, and Mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA.  The Y chromosome exists in men and is passed down from fathers to sons.  Women don’t have a Y chromosome and thus cannot be tested for their paternal heritage.  Men can know who was their father’s father, and on and on through hundreds of generations.  Generally the paternal line can be tested to the origin of the surname, although some African-Americans have surnames dating back just to the 19th century.

Mitochondrial DNA is the opposite of Y-DNA and is passed down from mothers to her offspring of both genders.  The difference with this kind of DNA is that both men and women have it and can be tested for it.  Therefore, a man can learn about the ancestral lines of his mother and his father, but women can only know the lines of their mother.  In order to learn information about their father’s ancestry, they have to have their father, brother or male cousin tested.

Despite the limits of DNA testing for women, mitochondrial DNA has a slower rate of mutation than Y-DNA.  The results of clean strains cover more years.  While Y-DNA may go back for 12 generations, Mitochondrial DNA can reflect 30 generations or more.
When scientists test DNA for genealogy they assign letter values to “markers” which are specific spots on a microscopic strand of DNA.  The values reveal a pattern that shows similarities to other people in DNA data bases.  Some strands have fewer mutations or differences, and the more you have in common with others in the DNA databases, the more likely they are to have a common ancestor with you.

One of the limits of Mitochondrial DNA is that the mitochondria exist in the cytoplasm of the cell instead of the nucleus.  As stated before, mtDNA mutates very slowly.  When scientists find an exact match it is difficult to know if the common ancestor lived recently or hundreds of years ago.

One famous use of mitochondrial DNA involved the identification of the Russian Royal family.  Czar Nicolas, his wife and their five children were all executed by the Bolsheviks in 1919.  For nearly 100 years their fate was not known however with the fall of the Soviet Union a search for the bodies unearthed the probable graves.

Prince Philip of England provided a DNA sample in which mtDNA was extracted to determine if the Russian Royals were within the newly discovered graves.  Prince Philip shares the same maternal line as Queen Victoria, as did Czar Nicholas.  The DNA test proved the bodies in the graves were indeed the Romanov family, the last royals in Russia.

It is easy to give a DNA sample.  100 labs around the world provide the services.  Find an accredited one, order the kit and begin your search with genealogy DNA for ancestors the world over.

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To understand genealogical data, we must first learn about the role of DNA.  It is the primary molecule of life and is responsible for the development and growth of every living thing.

The best way to describe the amount of genetic information stored in DNA is to picture a library full of books.  If you took every line of copy in every page of every book and you cut it into strips and taped them one after another, end to end, you would have the equivalent information that DNA stores in our bodies.

With DNA all this information is organized into shelving called chromosomes.  In the library you seek information by alphabet then shelf number then page and finally paragraph.  The Human Genome Project did essentially the same thing in 2002, by creating a “card catalog” for all the genetic information in the body.

The biggest difference between the way books are cataloged in a library and genetic information is stored in DNA, is there are two copies of the information in each cell; one copy comes from the mother and the other comes from the father.   Both copies are nearly identical which is how paternity is determined.

The biggest difference between males and females lies in the chromosomes.  The 23rd pair consists of an X and a Y.  Females have two “X”s and males have an “X” and a “Y”.  When a baby is conceived the mother always passes down an X, but the father can pass down either an X or a Y; X for a baby girl and Y for a baby boy.

To trace ancient ancestral roots, genealogists look at the DNA with low rates of change or mutation, making genealogical data a reliable but imperfect source of information from up to 150,000 years ago.

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Scientists turn to genealogical DNA tests to answer intriguing questions about ancestry.  What was once science fiction is now available to families around the world who seek information about their deep ancestral roots.

How do you know which test is right for you?  Here are some options to help you narrow your choice.

For men, the common male ancestor test will reveal analysis of 24 markers that get passed through generations of men in the same family.  The 24 are selected because they are identical for the past 20 generations or so.   An average generation is considered to be 25 years.

If your test results are identical to another man’s test results, the two of you share a common male ancestor.   You may find you are linked to a specific ethnic group you didn’t realize or you may share a surname with other people who are related to you.  Once you compare notes with them, both groups may find other, more distant relatives.

The common female ancestor test is offered to both men and women because both genders share an X chromosome.  There are 33 primary female clans in the world and most are specific to a particular continent.  Once the clan, or haplogroup is identified, then regions within the continent can be narrowed down.  For example, Europeans are all descended from seven maternal clans.  Your makers may group you with one from Spain or from Russia.

Native American DNA tests are very active with various individuals seeking knowledge about their particular tribe.  There are four maternal clans and they are linked by language more than geography.

It is easy to order a DNA test.  You simply chose a lab online, order the test, and wait for the cheek swab.  Genealogical DNA tests are quick and painless, and within 4 to 6 weeks you’ll have a wealth of information about your deep ancestral roots.

For those of you who ask, “What does a genealogy DNA test kit look like?” Please click on the tab at the right marked: “Kerchner Files”.  These files are copyrighted and used with permission.  You will also see what DNA test results look like.

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Without ancestry DNA tests, most people can only name their maternal and paternal grandparents. After that the information becomes unreliable unless great time and effort is expended to research historical records.

Science allows us to look back at our ancient family tree, to the time when humans first migrated from their early roots in Africa. To find out where your family originated, migrated and then mutated to form its own group or haplogroup, you need only take a moment to swab the inside of your cheek with a special painless device.

Genealogists today are actively gathering DNA samples to establish markers and lines of ancestry. When looking for a DNA test lab ask about the size of the database. The larger the base of knowledge, the more reliable and informative your test results will be. There are several labs that provide DNA testing; begin your search with the size of the database.

There are two kits available, the Mitochondrial or mtDNA and the Y-Chromosome. The Y chromosome passes down only through the males of a family since males have an X and a Y chromosome while females have just an X. The Y Chromosome test will determine paternal linkage, while the mtDNA will explore the mother’s line for her female and male children.

There are various DNA test kits available and depending upon the number of markers the kit looks for, the more information the result will yield, and the greater the cost for the kit. You will receive the test kit in the mail. It will house what appears to be an undersized plastic toothbrush and a sterile container to place it in for mailing it back.

Once you return the ancestry DNA tests you’ll wait 6 to 8 weeks for the results and then you are on your way to exploring the ancient roots of your family.

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With DNA testing for ancestry, the field of Genealogy has more tools than ever to discover your family tree.  Along with the genealogist research tools for digging deep into historical records and family history, you now have Genealogy DNA comparison to give solid evidence to your research.

A simple DNA test can start you on the road to discovering your ancestors from 10,000 years ago.  Men and women can both test their DNA to learn the origin of their maternal ancestry.  A specific kind of test called mtDNA or mitochondrial DNA, searches only the women along the line, no men.  Women and men both receive their mtDNA from their mother.

Men can learn the origin of their paternal line by testing their Y chromosome.  The Y chromosome test checks only the paternal line. Women do not have Y DNA and cannot be tested for their paternal line.  If they want to know their paternal ancestry they must ask a brother or their father or a male cousin to be tested.  This is one way to firm up the surname line of your ancestry.

Once the DNA sample is taken, the results will determine your haplogroup.  This is a set of a people with a common ancestor, often from 10,000 to 150,000 years ago, the time when it has been shown that humans evolved in Africa and then migrated around the world.  Men have both a paternal and maternal haplogroup; women have only the maternal haplogroup because they bear only X chromosomes while men have an X and a Y.

A fascinating result of the DNA test is to see where your ancient family members migrated across the globe.  You’ll see how mutations in early genetic lines affect your family too.   You’ll learn all the genetic influences in your ancient family tree.  You may have Asian influence you don’t know about or you may be related to Napolean or a U.S. President.   DNA testing for ancestry will provide knowledge about your unique family history you never thought possible.

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