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DNA testing and genealogy results go hand in hand when a person is in search of their ancestral past. Medical information can also be obtained from DNA testing, but the way the results are analyzed is vastly different. For this reason, you must know what your intentions are before the tests are conducted.

There are specialists in the genealogy field that do nothing but analyze the results from samples. Just like with medical analysts, they know this craft and only this specialty.

In the different Y-DNA and mtDNA strands, the medical specialists are looking for specific omissions or additions of specific genes that might be present. The genealogy specialist is looking for patterns in the DNA sequencing.  These patterns are what identify the samples to which genetic family line they follow. These patterns are distinctive and are present in every sample. This includes both Y-DNA and mtDNA samples.

When studying the different samples, the analyst will be looking for the mother genetic line when the mtDNA is analyzed and the father’s genetic line from the Y-DNA. What specifically are being looked for are repeated sets of nucleotides. These patterns that are present in every sample are how they will be categorized and placed within a Haplogroup.

The reason this type of analysis can be done is because every mother passes down the mtDNA she was give by her mother to her children, which is unchanged. For the father’s lineage, the Y-DNA is passed down from father to son only. This too, is unchanged and the reason it can be traced.

This is why a male sample can trace both lines of their ancestral past but a female can’t. This is also the reason a child’s grandfather on their mother’s side can not be traced back unless a male sibling of the mother is tested.

This is the basics of DNA testing and genealogy results that can be produced from every sample.

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