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It’s the caveman in all of us that we can now blame for our uncivilized behavior. It turns out humans did not entirely replace Neanderthals 30,000 years ago. There was an overlap of time and place that carries on the Neanderthal gene in some people today.

Based on DNA fragments taken from recent discoveries of ancient bones, scientists have constructed approximately 60 percent of the Neanderthal genome, drafting the sequence from billions of DNA letters .

They’re comparing it to our human genome sequence and finding some surprising results, such as evidence that at one time, Neanderthals and humans mated.

Thanks in part to advances in DNA science researchers are able for the first time to isolate the genes of ancient ancestors. For example, one of the challenges of this kind of work is separating the Neanderthal DNA from the DNA of other microbes and organisms that settled on the bones during decomposition, organisms such as insects.

Powerful computers compare the fragments of DNA sequencing with those of humans and chimpanzees and then they look at the known sequence of ancient plants and ask if it looks more like a human or more like a fungus that invaded the bone after death.

In the case of this latest discover, scientists completed the genome sequences of five modern day humans for comparison to the Neanderthal. They studied people from China, France, Papua New Guinea and two from Africa. The researchers expected that Neanderthal DNA would be equally distant from everyone, however they were shocked to find concentrations of Neanderthal existing in the non-Africans.

This suggests there was inter-breeding occurring in a previously unknown period after our ancestors left Africa, but before modern humans emerged.

So when someone says you have no manners, blame your rude behavior on the little bit of caveman in all of us, or at least, those of us with ancestors from Europe and Asia.

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