Posts Tagged ‘mitochondrial DNA’

Family Finder Review

Family finder DNA is the best and the accurate method to find out the genetic make up of your family group. Using DNA genealogy you can get confirmation whether to include the person in the family tree or not. All the ancestral information is provided by a single DNA test.

Family Finder DNA Test

A DNA test is really easy and can be done at home using the kit available for home testing. You give the sample of cells from the inside of your cheek using the swab available in the kit and give the samples in the lab. The experts in the lab will give you the information you require related to your family background. Even the tests can solve the cases related to someone suspicious in the family. You can also find out your earliest homeland using a DNA test.

This way DNA testing and Genealogy are related to each other. Genealogy is so advanced that you can even find out the roots of a particular individual. And Genealogy with a DNA test can cause wonders. The DNA test can be done by any member of the family or by all the members who want to be sure about the paternal and maternal background. The more the members test their DNA, the more accurate you will be about your results. Mostly testing is done using Y chromosome as it takes the family name. So, it can tell you about the pre historic times of the male line. If someone with the same surname is somehow related to your male line this will be  determined by the Y chromosome.

Autosomal DNA Family Finder

Using the mtDNA test you can find out the history of your maternal lines. You can also discover about the pre historical times and get to know from which region your family has developed or migrated from. Usually experts use this method to find out the paternal and maternal lines. But, now the Family Finder DNA database has been developed using autosomal DNA which you can even find the branches of your family tree inside of the paternal and maternal line.

Family Finder is now also being used to find out the actual parents of adopted children. This way it is helping a lot in solving various cases like kidnapping, etc. In the past all these things were not achievable and due to this many cases remain unsolved, but now the cases related to child adoption and child kidnapping are solved much more easily with just a simple DNA test.

The discovery of DNA and DNA tests is one of the greatest achievements in the field of medical science. In 2000 Bryan Skyes published a study on the subject of Genealogy DNA in which he used DNA (Y-chromosomes) to determine the relatedness between two individuals. In this study, an experiment was done on 48 men with the surname of skyes. Four short Tandem repeats were done on Y-chromosomes: DYS19, DYS390, DYS391 and DYS393. The results found were amazing! Out of 48, 21 men had same core haplotype and the left over were just one step away. Bryan Skyes interpreted that these men originated from a common ancestor who lived 700 years ago. This shows how successful Family Tree DNA is.

Family Finder Test

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The site, Family Tree DNA, was established to help individuals connect with their past. This company has been in business since April of 2000. Since that time, their data base has grown constantly. As of October 20, 2010, the database has grown to 312,596 different DNA sample results that can be searched for a match.  A quick check as of July 23, 2011, this database has grown to 341,154 records!

Genetic Genealogy:

When the total number of records is broken down, there are 6,117 different surnames in the data base along with 193,585 records of Y-DNA and 119,011 of mt-DNA. This is the largest assembly of DNA records and results anywhere in the world.

courtesy wikipedia

Family Tree is considered the world’s leader in genetic genealogy that works with a scientific advisory board and is affiliated with the University of Arizona research labs.

Family Finder:

The newest test being offered by this genetic testing lab is the Family Finder. This test can take either the Y-DNA or mtDNA and find your family across all lines of your family tree. There is even a population percentage result with this test.

The test itself involves the identification and matching up of 22 autosomal chromosomes.  This detail allows for up to 5 generations of a person’s family tree to be identified and matched up.

This is just one of 16 different tests that this genetic genealogy testing laboratory can conduct for you involving your DNA. This is the total number from both Y-DNA and mtDNA tests. The price range is from $99 to $559.

The more in depth the testing and more sequences that are identified, the greater the cost will be.

The Family Tree DNA is the largest established genetic genealogy site available for the general public to learn about their past and family tree.

When you go to their website for the first time it might appear a little overwhelming, but simply break it down into what fits your needs.  For instance if you are a first time customer, and a male, then you would most likely want to start with the Y-DNA test.  This method will follow all of your father’s direct male ancestry back to the beginnings of time.  In other words, your father, his father, his father, and so on back to ancient times.

For men or women that are interested in the ancient beginnings of their maternal ancestors you will want to look into mtDNA testing.  This will follow your mother’s mother’s, mother’s, etc. line backwards to show you the ancient group that you belong to as the peopling of the world progressed out of Africa in the beginning of time.

Now in addition to just looking at the two outermost branches of your family tree, FTDNA has developed the unique testing program and genealogy database called “Family Finder” which will  be able to connect you to hundreds, thousands of relatives who have recorded their ancestry with Family Tree DNA and you will be able to discover cousins and distant relatives that you would have never dreamed of before.

Genealogy Research:

Then through the use of good old, tried and true genealogy research you will most likely discover just how you are related.  Look forward to many years of pleasant correspondence and lining up with distant relatives far and wide.

You meet the nicest people through Genealogy DNA Testing.

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DNA Testing for Genealogy

There are 60 types of cells in a human body and the DNA present in each type of cell helps in DNA testing for Genealogy.  DNA is the abbreviation of Deoxyribonucleic acid and is present in the nucleus of the cell. It has two parts: X chromosome and Y chromosome. In the outer part of the nucleus, you will find X chromosome while Y chromosome is present in the inner part of the nucleus. Father and mother, both have to contribute for preparing DNA of child. This means the y chromosomes are transferred from father and X chromosomes are transferred from mother of the child.

There are a lot of technical and other improvements going on in case of DNA testing which is helping in solving different cases. For example, DNA helps in identifying the father and mother of the child and to solve murder cases. Not only this, DNA test is also included in Genealogy research.

Genealogy research in becoming more and more famous and there are large number of people who are taking it as a hobby. But it is such a complicated and vast research that even expert genealogists get frustrated. Researchers have to do a lot of paper work which is time consuming. Sometimes the researched documents are damaged or the handwriting becomes illegible. In DNA test you can get the results in just 15 minutes without any compromise with the quality and authenticity.

If you want to know about the maternal background of the person, go for mitochondrial testing. After marriage the surname of the girl usually changes due to which she lost her maternal lines. DNA testing for Genealogy is the most popular process to know about the maternal background. Experts are trying to make the concept of DNA Genealogy easier to help people find the maternal background. Tests are done in the lab and the samples are compared with the database of mtDNA samples.

Not only this, the best part is that the samples of mtDNA remain unchanged. Even mtDNA that is present in the cells of the body remains unchanged. So, you can find out your maternal background at any day of your life. Now women can even trace their origin 150,000 years ago. No doubt, everybody says that the maternal linage is eve but, there were many other women. It was the linage of eve which survived.

In genetic Genealogy, experts mostly use Y chromosome to get the results. Using Y chromosome you can even get to know that the person is related to the decreased one or not. As Y chromosome is passed on from father to son, experts can easily trace the paternal background of the person.

If the two persons have same surname, experts can even find out the relation between the two using DNA Genealogy. DNA testing for Genealogy has even got the results about animals and their extension. They have even found the ways to know about the fist animal to start the breed. DNA Genealogy is the greatest discovery ever done in the history of medical science.

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DNA Genealogy is basically another term for DNA testing. Usually DNA testing is done for catching criminals and solving other kidnapping cases. But, Genealogy DNA is used to find out what the possible relationship is of one person with another or for finding the ancestors.

The first Genealogy study was conducted in 1980s at the University of California, Berkeley. The scientists involved in this discovery are Rebecca L. Cann, Mark Stoneking and Allan C. Wilson. They discovered a new type of DNA named mitochondrial DNA which is present in the cell. It is passed on from mother to her child. The other DNA, Y chromosome, is

DNA Genealogy Testing

These are the two type of DNA which mostly tells about our ancestors. It also tells about the tribes and the place of origin of our maternal and paternal lines. Scientists have studied a lot about evolution and have now concluded that we all came from one common ancestor called Adam and Eve. No doubt, there were other men and women also but it was only Adam and Eve who survived.

DNA Genealogy has helped a lot in solving different things. It is an interesting topic for scientists. They do new researches like finding out the people related to the famous personalities like George Washington, Julius Caesar or Genghis Khan. Scientists have produced human archeological record. Doctors have found DNA Genealogy useful for finding hereditary diseases and cure. DNA testing has a strong ability to reunite the families as it is 100% accurate and without any duplication. The best part is that it is helping in reduction of criminals in the society by solving maximum criminal cases.

To cut the long story short, I just want to say that DNA Genealogy which is related to DNA testing is the biggest discovery ever made in the field of medical science.

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A new DNA database is under development after scientists believe they may have found a new species of human.

High in the Altai mountains in southern Siberia in the Denisova cave, Russian archealogists unearthed the finger bone of a young child in 2008. The child was believed to be 5 to 7 years old at the time of death and the bone was tested for mitochondrial DNA.

Now scientists wonder if a new branch of the human family tree existed between Homo erectus that left Africa two million years ago and Neanderthals that left 500,000 years ago.

The Denisova child is believed to come from a form of human that left Africa about one million years ago. Researchers caution that the child may not belong to a new species of human, but from a small population formed by interbreeding among lineages. The remainder of the child’s DNA from the nuclear genome will be tested to determine this.

Radiocarbon dating first established the timeframe of the child’s death, estimating the boy or girl lived during the Pleistocene Ice Age between 48,000 and 30,000 years ago. Because the earth’s climate was much colder at that time, it’s likely the child wore some form of clothing.

Scientists were surprised to unearth more modern artifacts at the site too, such as jewelry. This kind of object was more indicative of modern humans in Europe so scientists will try to determine if the objects were related or they were left behind by other cultures through the ages.

This discovery debunks the linear theory of genealogy and will eventually affect family DNA surname projects. Until recently scientists believed there was a linear development of the human species, beginning with Homo erectus then Neanderthal and finally modern humans, Homo Sapien.

This new branch or potential new species will surely add to the growing DNA database growing daily around the world.

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One thing that DNA testing for genealogy shows is,  if you are a male, you have the same biological component as your father, your grandfather, your great-grandfather, your great, great grandfather and your g-g-g-g-g-grandfather.

That component is called the Y-chromosome, part of the genetic ribbon of information that makes every male, male.   When you test your Y-DNA, you can determine whether you are or are not related to another male with the same surname.  You might even want to join the growing list of surname projects going on across the country.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, exists in almost all cells and is the building block for a human being.  DNA determines genetics and whether your eyes are blue and your hair is straight.  It also predicts the risk for health disorders or diseases, so there is much to be learned through DNA testing that goes beyond ancestry.

The way genealogists approach DNA testing is they look for mutations.  In other words, a mutation is a change in the DNA sequencing.  Cells in our body increase by dividing in a process called mitosis.  An enzyme called polymerase uses the original DNA helix as a template and then builds a whole new cell using the same DNA code.

Occasionally a mutation in this process occurs and gets passed on.  It is rare; approximately 0.2% per generation, but it does signal a break in the identical ancestral code that gets passed from father to son.

There are DNA genealogy tests for women, even if they do not have a Y chromosome.  For women, scientists rely on the mitochondrial DNA which gets passed from the mother to all her offspring.

It’s fascinating that with the help of a single cheek swab DNA testing for genealogy can track the history of your surname, or even your ancient ancestors as they migrated from East Africa 80 thousand years ago.

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Another name for genealogy DNA is molecular DNA because that is where the science of family begins.  Until the late 1980s the only tool available for people seeking information about their ancestors was historical records and the remembrances of grandma and grandpa.  You might be able to recall the names of your grandparents, but do you know the names of your great-grandparents?  Precisely.  Few people do.  Advances in DNA typing are filling in the blanks.

Almost all cells in the human body contain DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid.   DNA is a string of proteins that tell our bodies how to grow; whether to have blue eyes or brown, whether to have a predisposition to heart disease or cancer. It is the complete genetic blueprint of people.  It makes each of us unique but also similar to our parents and ancestors.

There are two types of cells used to map out genealogy, Y-Chromosome DNA, and Mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA.  The Y chromosome exists in men and is passed down from fathers to sons.  Women don’t have a Y chromosome and thus cannot be tested for their paternal heritage.  Men can know who was their father’s father, and on and on through hundreds of generations.  Generally the paternal line can be tested to the origin of the surname, although some African-Americans have surnames dating back just to the 19th century.

Mitochondrial DNA is the opposite of Y-DNA and is passed down from mothers to her offspring of both genders.  The difference with this kind of DNA is that both men and women have it and can be tested for it.  Therefore, a man can learn about the ancestral lines of his mother and his father, but women can only know the lines of their mother.  In order to learn information about their father’s ancestry, they have to have their father, brother or male cousin tested.

Despite the limits of DNA testing for women, mitochondrial DNA has a slower rate of mutation than Y-DNA.  The results of clean strains cover more years.  While Y-DNA may go back for 12 generations, Mitochondrial DNA can reflect 30 generations or more.
When scientists test DNA for genealogy they assign letter values to “markers” which are specific spots on a microscopic strand of DNA.  The values reveal a pattern that shows similarities to other people in DNA data bases.  Some strands have fewer mutations or differences, and the more you have in common with others in the DNA databases, the more likely they are to have a common ancestor with you.

One of the limits of Mitochondrial DNA is that the mitochondria exist in the cytoplasm of the cell instead of the nucleus.  As stated before, mtDNA mutates very slowly.  When scientists find an exact match it is difficult to know if the common ancestor lived recently or hundreds of years ago.

One famous use of mitochondrial DNA involved the identification of the Russian Royal family.  Czar Nicolas, his wife and their five children were all executed by the Bolsheviks in 1919.  For nearly 100 years their fate was not known however with the fall of the Soviet Union a search for the bodies unearthed the probable graves.

Prince Philip of England provided a DNA sample in which mtDNA was extracted to determine if the Russian Royals were within the newly discovered graves.  Prince Philip shares the same maternal line as Queen Victoria, as did Czar Nicholas.  The DNA test proved the bodies in the graves were indeed the Romanov family, the last royals in Russia.

It is easy to give a DNA sample.  100 labs around the world provide the services.  Find an accredited one, order the kit and begin your search with genealogy DNA for ancestors the world over.

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With DNA testing for ancestry, the field of Genealogy has more tools than ever to discover your family tree.  Along with the genealogist research tools for digging deep into historical records and family history, you now have Genealogy DNA comparison to give solid evidence to your research.

A simple DNA test can start you on the road to discovering your ancestors from 10,000 years ago.  Men and women can both test their DNA to learn the origin of their maternal ancestry.  A specific kind of test called mtDNA or mitochondrial DNA, searches only the women along the line, no men.  Women and men both receive their mtDNA from their mother.

Men can learn the origin of their paternal line by testing their Y chromosome.  The Y chromosome test checks only the paternal line. Women do not have Y DNA and cannot be tested for their paternal line.  If they want to know their paternal ancestry they must ask a brother or their father or a male cousin to be tested.  This is one way to firm up the surname line of your ancestry.

Once the DNA sample is taken, the results will determine your haplogroup.  This is a set of a people with a common ancestor, often from 10,000 to 150,000 years ago, the time when it has been shown that humans evolved in Africa and then migrated around the world.  Men have both a paternal and maternal haplogroup; women have only the maternal haplogroup because they bear only X chromosomes while men have an X and a Y.

A fascinating result of the DNA test is to see where your ancient family members migrated across the globe.  You’ll see how mutations in early genetic lines affect your family too.   You’ll learn all the genetic influences in your ancient family tree.  You may have Asian influence you don’t know about or you may be related to Napolean or a U.S. President.   DNA testing for ancestry will provide knowledge about your unique family history you never thought possible.

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